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Ishmael Bernal
Ishmael Bernal (30 September 1938 – 2 June 1996) was a Filipino film, stage and television director, actor and screenwriter. Noted for his melodramas, particularly with feminist and moral issues, he directed many landmark Filipino films such as ''Nunal sa Tubig'' (1975), ''City After Dark'' (1980), ''Relasyon'' (1982), ''Himala'' (1982), and ''Hinugot sa Langit'' (1985). He was declared a National Artist of the Philippines in 2001.
== Biography ==
Born in Manila on 30 September 1938, Bernal was the son of Elena Bernal and Pacifico Ledesma.〔(Ishmael Bernal Biography, KabayanCentral.com, date retrieved: 27 May 2007 )〕
He studied at Burgos Elementary School, Mapa High School and at the University of the Philippines where he finished his Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1959. After graduation he worked with Lamberto Avellana's documentary outfit before proceeding to France where he earned his Licentiate in French Literature and Philosophy at the University of Aix-en-Provence. He received his Diploma in Film Directing in 1970 at the Film Insititue of India in Poona under the Colombo plan scholarship. An active pariticipant in the struggle for artist's rights and welfare, Bernal was also a board member of the Concerned Artists of the Philippines and the Directors Guild of the Philippines, Inc. Until his demise, he remained part of DGPI, an organization that studies the role of film as an instrument of entertainment, education and development.〔
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